This book is a multidisciplinary book in which the problem on hypertensive disease is analysed from different points of view by physicists, mathematicians, biologists. Topics discussed include a review on genetic and physiological mechanisms of arterial hypertension; descriptions of various approaches to mathematical modelling of the system for controlling blood circulation and blood flow in a vessel; a survey existing models of hemodynamics and description of an approach to numerical modelling of the blood flow in the human cardiovascular system; and a software developed for visual creation and simulation of modular mathematical models of the biological systems.

The classical problem about a steady-state supersonic flow of an inviscid non-heat-conductive gas around an infinite plane wedge under the assumption that the angle at the vertex of the wedge is less than some limit value is considered. The gas is supposed to be in the state of thermodynamical equilibrium and admits the existence of a state equation. As is well-known, the problem has two discontinuous solutions, one of which is associated with a strong shock wave (the gas velocity behind the shock wave is less than the sound speed) and the second one corresponds to the weak shock wave (the gas velocity behind the shock wave is, in general, larger than the sound speed) (Courant R, Friedrichs K.O. Supersonic flow and shock waves. N. Y.: Interscience Publ. Inc., 1948). One of the possible explanations of this phenomenon was given by Courant and Friedrichs. They conjectured that the solution corresponding to the strong shock wave is instable in the sense of Lyapunov, whereas the solution corresponding to the weak shock wave is stable. This conjecture has been confirmed in a number of studies in which either particular cases were considered or the proposed argumentation was given at the qualitative (mostly, physical) level of rigor. In this monograph, the Courant-Friedrichs conjecture is strictly mathematically justified at the linear level. The mechanism of generating the instability for the case of a strong shock is explained. The smoothness of the solution essentially depends on the peculiarity of the boundary at the vertex of the wedge. The situation with a weak shock drastically differs from the previous one. It is amazing but for the compactly supported initial data the solution to the linear problem reaches the steady state regime infinite time.